Japan surrendered to the Allies on August 14, 1945, when the Japanese government notified the Allies that it had accepted the Potsdam Declaration: a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II.
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The term has been applied to both days on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made – the afternoon of August 15, 1945, in Japan, and because of time zone differences, to Aug(when it was announced in the United States and the rest of the Americas and Eastern Pacific Islands). V-J Day: Term used to refer to the day on which Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war.In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order.
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The Constitution came into effect on May 3, 1947, following World War II.
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Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution: A clause in the Constitution of Japan outlawing war to settle international disputes involving the state.It shaped Japanese foreign policy throughout the Cold War era and beyond. Yoshida Doctrine: A strategy named after Japan's first Prime Minister after World War II Shigeru Yoshida that declared the reconstruction of Japan's domestic economy with security guaranteed by an alliance with the United States.These developments were combined with Japan's extraordinary economic growth that by the end of the 1960s made it the second largest economy in the world. In 1954, the Japan Self-Defense Forces were founded as a full-scale military in all but name. As a result, a new National Police Reserve armed with military-grade weaponry was created. Although Article 9 intended to prevent the country from ever becoming an aggressive military power again, the United States was soon pressuring Japan to rebuild its army as a bulwark against communism in Asia after the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War.The source of the clause is disputed although it is most often attributed to Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara. Known as Article 9, it outlaws war to settle international disputes involving the state. In most other important respects, the government adopted the February draft with its most distinctive features, including the renunciation of war clause. Insistence of the Japanese to a bicameral legislatures with two elected houses. The MacArthur draft, which proposed a unicameral legislature, was changed at the.Although the document's authors were non-Japanese, they took into account the Meiji Constitution, the demands of Japanese lawyers, the opinions of pacifist political leaders, and especially the draft presented by the Constitution Research Association. They were led by two senior army officers with law degrees, Milo Rowell and Courtney Whitney, although others chosen by MacArthur also had influence. After rejecting a Japanese-authored proposal that MacArthur deemed too conservative, he ordered his staff to draft a completely new document.The Japanese authorities were extremely reluctant to take the drastic step of replacing the 1889 Meiji Constitution with a more liberal document. Already in 1945, MacArthur's staff and Japanese officials were at odds over the most fundamental issue, a new constitution.Allied (primarily American) forces were set up to supervise the country, led by MacArthur. On September 6, Truman approved a document titled "US Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan," which set two main objectives for the occupation: eliminating Japan's war potential and turning it into a western-style nation with pro-American orientation.Under the final plan, however, SCAP was given direct control over the main islands of Japan and the immediately surrounding islands, while outlying possessions were divided between the Allied Powers.
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During the war, the Allied Powers had planned to divide Japan among themselves for the purpose of occupation, as was done with Germany. President Harry Truman appointed General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) to supervise the occupation of Japan.